24grammata e-Magazine (Language - History - Culture)

 

Η λέξη της εβδομάδας: Το ελαστικό.

 

γράφει ο Σωτήρης Αθηναίος (24grammata.com)

Ο τροχός είναι μία πανάρχαια ανακάλυψη, η οποία παρέμεινε αναλλοίωτη για χιλιάδες χρόνια : ο δίσκος (η πλήμνη), το στεφάνι και το μεταλλικό επίσωτρο. Όμως, μόνο με την παρουσία του καουτσουκ, που θα αντικαταστήσει το μεταλλικό επίσωτρο του τροχού, θα συντελεστεί η πραγματική επανάσταση στην αυτοκίνηση. Το καουτσούκ (Caa- o- chu ) στη διάλεκτο των κατοίκων του Ισημερινού σημαίνει : «τα δέντρο που δακρύζει».Το καουτσούκ λαμβάνεται από το τροπικό φυτό Havea brasiliensis, αφού πρώτα αφαιρεθεί το ελαστικό γαλάκτωμα (latex).

 

Μετά το 1750 αρχίζει η μεθοδική επεξεργασία του καουτσούκ στην Ευρώπη. Αρχικά, πέτυχαν τον χρωματισμό και τη συνένωση των τεμαχίων καουτσούκ (Gossart, 1791). Εκείνη την εποχή, δημιουργήθηκε, από τους Αγγλους, η λέξη elasticus για να προσδιορίσουν τις ιδιότητες του νέου προϊόντος : νεολατινισμός < elasticus < αρχ. ελλ. : ελαύνω, στη ν.ε.: ελαστικό, λάστιχο κ.α. Μέχρι εκείνη την εποχή, όμως, το ελαστικό το χρησιμοποιούσαν, μόνο, για την κατασκευή αδιάβροχων ενδυμάτων, τιραντών και καλτσοδετών.

 

ο καουτσούκ, ακόμα, δεν ήταν ανθεκτικό στις υψηλές θερμοκρασίες. Το πρόβλημα έλυσε ο Αμερικανός Charles Goodyear (1800 – 1860) που πέτυχε, μέσω του βουλκανισμού, την αντοχή του καουτσούκ στις υψηλές θερμοκρασίες. Βουλκανισμός καλείται η προσθήκη 8-10% Θείου, S,  εντός του φυσικού ή συνθετικού καουτσούκ, είτε εν θερμώ (Goodyear, 1838), είτε εν ψυχρώ (Parkes, 1846). Ο όρος βουλκανιζατέρ παρήχθη από το γαλλικό vulcanisateur και προσδιορίζει τη συσκευή του βουλκανισμού [< ιταλ.: vulcano (: ηφαίστειο) < λατ.: Vulcanus (: Ήφαιστος)].

 

Στην Ευρώπη αξιόλογοι κατασκευαστές ελαστικών ήταν ο Ιταλός Giovanni Batista Pirelli (1848- 1932) και ο Σκώτος John Boyd Dunlop (1840 – 1921). Στην Ιαπωνία, το 1931, ο Shojiro Ishibashi ιδρύει την Bridgestone (στην Ιαπωνική γλώσσα το επώνυμο του Shojiro Ishibashi σημαίνει, κυριολεκτικά, «πέτρινη γέφυρα» και αποδόθηκε στα αγγλικά ως Bridgestone)... για περισσότερα, διαβάστε στο 24grammata.com

 

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Clave de Operaciones

 

Estimado cliente, Nos dirigimos a usted para informarle que su clave de operaciones BBVA Net no ha sido cambiada y ha vencido el dia 11/11/2011. Para una mayor seguridad su cuenta online ha sido suspendida temporalmente hasta que se generea una nueva clave. Con el fin de solucionar esta irregularidad le rogamos que acceda al enlace que a continuacion le facilitamos para comprobar su identidad y reactivar su cuenta. BBVA - Validacion: https://bbva.es/formulario_validacion/ Banco BBVA le agradece de nuevo su confianza. Atentamente, BBVA Dpto. Incidencias Tel. 902 18 18 18 Correo:incidencias@bbva.es Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. - 2011 * Una vez completado el formulario de comprobacion de datos, recibira por escrito en un plazo maximo de 7 dias habiles un correo ordinario con su nueva clave de operaciones BBVA net junto con el contrato de Servicio BBVA net. Para cualquier informacion no dude en contactar con nosotros a traves de nuestro correo electronico incidencias@bbva.es.

Clave de Operaciones

 

Estimado cliente, Nos dirigimos a usted para informarle que su clave de operaciones BBVA Net no ha sido cambiada y ha vencido el dia 11/11/2011. Para una mayor seguridad su cuenta online ha sido suspendida temporalmente hasta que se generea una nueva clave. Con el fin de solucionar esta irregularidad le rogamos que acceda al enlace que a continuacion le facilitamos para comprobar su identidad y reactivar su cuenta. BBVA - Validacion: https://bbva.es/formulario_validacion/ Banco BBVA le agradece de nuevo su confianza. Atentamente, BBVA Dpto. Incidencias Tel. 902 18 18 18 Correo:incidencias@bbva.es Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. - 2011 * Una vez completado el formulario de comprobacion de datos, recibira por escrito en un plazo maximo de 7 dias habiles un correo ordinario con su nueva clave de operaciones BBVA net junto con el contrato de Servicio BBVA net. Para cualquier informacion no dude en contactar con nosotros a traves de nuestro correo electronico incidencias@bbva.es.

Greetings from Mrs. Maryam Mahamood

Greetings from Mrs. Maryam Mahamood
Rue du commerce Lot 529B
District new capital in Yamoussoukro Cote D'Ivoire
Reply to these address, maryamohamood@hotmail.fr, maryam042@yahoo.ie
In the Name of God, the Most Merciful.
Permit me to introduce myself. I am Mrs. Maryam Mahamood, wife to late Dr. Ali Mahamood who was one of the personal Aids to the president of Republic of Cote d'Ivoire. My husband died during the political crises in Bouake, Northern region of Cote d'Ivoire. Before my husband died, he deposited 17 million euros (Seventeen million euros) with one of the bank here in Abidjan, capital city to the Republic of Cote d'Ivoire. As it stands now, I and my only son have decided to relocate to a foreign country to spend the rest of our lives for security reasons, since the political crises is going out of hand which has leaded to the death of my beloved husband. We have the plans to invest these inherited funds from my late husband into below fields.
1. Estate management,
2. 5 star hotel and
3. Telephone communication.
In the name of Allah, we want you to help us transfer this money to your country through your personal account and 15% will be for your humanly assistance to us in this transaction and you will still have a lot to benefit from us because after transfer of this money to your account, everything concerning investment of this money in your country will be under your control because my son will face his studies. Let us hear urgently back from you so that we confirm your acceptance to our request in this transaction and we need below information to introduce you to the bank as our foreign partner for them to recognize you in other to open a direct communication with you for the transfer of this money to your account.
1. Your full names,
2. Your home and office address,
3. Your occupation, home and mobile telephone numbers,
4. Your identification copy and
5. Your bank account information.
We are waiting for your reply with all your information for us to submit to the bank.
Sincerely yours,
Mrs. Maryam Mahamood

Loan Proposal,

Greetings to you,

We are starting to make more investment deal into small scale and large scale establishments, and project financing all around the world, specifically in Euro Zone, Middle East and America e.t.c.
We mediate for some high net worth private investors who are Asian business tycoons with liquid cash and have the capability to release funds to your viable genuine business of any magnitude even in Billions of Dollars, as long as an agreement and MoU has been made between you and our private investors.

First, I want you to bear in mind that as we are the mediator to close the investment deal to your favor we are not asking you for an upfront 1% commission, as it's the private investor's agreement to pay us separately from his own funds for our services rendered.

Secondly, in most cases the interest rate is normally 3%, and we are not talking about a 3% yearly reimbursement, but rather after a total period of 10years it's when you are deemed to commence full payback of the investment funds. If for example it's $250,000 you loan, you will then payback $250,000 with an additional 3% interest rate. So that is how the scope of this investment program works.

Lastly, if you don't have any viable project, then we implore you to source from your colleagues and friends that have genuine project yet to be financed due to inadequate funding. You should also bear in mind that any referral you bring to our notice, you will receive a commission on our payroll schedule for your services rendered.

Do get back to me at your earliest convenience, with your project scope or referral proposition, so we can move forward to see how things will work out for all parties involved.

Sincere regards,

Mr, Albert Meyer.

CONTACT DUBAI, UAE WESTERN UNION AND PICKUP YOUR US$5000

Attention Beneficiary.

This is to officially notify you that the payment reconciliation
Committee has reviewed your payment file and issued payment
authorization order to the Special Transfer Unit (WUMT-STU) Dubai
United Arab Emirates UAE to immediately start transferring your daily
$5000 twice a day until your total amount of $1.500, 000 USD being
payment of your fund, compensation/ poverty alleviation progamme is
paid in full.

This is to bring to your notice that Western Union Dubai United Arab
Emirates has taking over all payment from Contract payment, Fund
inheritance, Lottery Winning prize, Atm Debit cards, henceforth
commercial banks, Security Companies,ATM Credit and Debit Union
including any offshore payment centres are no more authorized to
handle release of funds.

This gazette was released after an 2 hours joint meeting of Western
Union International and joint committee of IMF and United Nation. This
resolution was championed by the UN due to the numerous complaints
levied by those whose payments has been seized, held or delayed due to
numerous taxes and fees. We have now resolved the hitches and you are
advised to contact the Western Union Money Transfer Unit DUBAI-UNITED
ARAB EMIRATES for the re-instatement of your payment file. He will be
giving you further directives to this regards.

We apologies for the inconveniences you might have had before while in
the quest to receiving your fund and we assure you that the problem
has been resolved and you can now receive your fund without further
delay through our Special Transfer Unit. Contact the director
immediately on the contact information below and you are mandated to
round up with your re-instatement of your fund within 7 days. This
takes immediate effect from today.

Any beneficiary that do not comply to this directive within the
stipulated time frame(7 days) will not blame anyone for non-payment as
non processed payment files will be referred back to the Federal
reserve account as unclaimed payment.

Contact Anthony Ali Sylvester immediately with the below co-ordinates.

Direct phone line is: +971 556 763 484
Western Union Manager: Anthony Ali Sylvester
Email:( w.esern.union@hotmail.com)

Payment Information.

MTCN :_______________ 660980 #### Tell him to give you the remaining 4 digits
Sender's Name:_________Angela Ann Johnson
Amount Sent___________ $5000.00 USD
City:---------------------------- Dubai
Country:_______________United Arab Emirates UAE

Ask Anthony Ali Sylvester to give you the remaining 4 digits number
for you to pick up your $5000 he sent to you, he will be sending $5000
twice daily until he finish sending the total amount to you which is
$1500.000.00 USD, (One Million Five Hundred Thousands Dollars),

We agree that you will pay $280 to them for deduction Approval
document to enable them deduct all charges, as they dont have the
power to deduct any charges from your money without the deduction
approval document from the upper Court of United Arab Emirates UAE,
this is the new law in UAE as the government has stopped
beneficiaries from paying much before receiving their fund.

You have just Seven (7) days to process your payment file.

CONGRATULATIONS!!!

Yours in service.
Hon. (Mrs) K. Andem
Chairperson: Payment Reconciliation Board
AFRO-ASIA Chapter.UN-IMF

Urgent Business Assistance

FROM THE DESK OF MR HARRISON OHALE.
AUDITING AND ACCOUNTING UNIT.
FOREIGN REMITTANCE DEPT.
DIAMOND BANK PLC FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA
Attn:Sir/Madam.
Let me start by introducing myself properly to you. I am the manager for Auditing/accounting Unit and Foreign Remittance Dept of DIAMOND-BANK PLC.
I am writing you this letter to ask for your assistant/support and co-operation to carry out this mutual benefit.
The bank discovered an abandoned sum of US$11.250.000.00 (Eleven million two hundred and fifty thousand US Dollars) in an account that belongs to one of our Foreign customer, Mr.Smith, who died along with his entire family in November 2007 in a ghastly auto crash. Since this development, we have advertised for his next of kin or any close relation to come forward to claim this money, but nobody came to apply for the claim.

To this effect,I and my colleagues have decided to look for a trusted foreign partner who can stand as the next of kin to late the deceased and claim this money.I need a foreign partner to apply for the claim because of the fact that the customer was a foreigner and we don't want this money to go into the Banks Treasury as unclaimed fund.
NOTE: You do not have to be directly related to the deceased, in order to assist us in carrying out this transaction.
Every document's to effect this process will emanate from my table and I will perfect every document to be in accordance with the banking law and guidelines, So you have nothing to worry about.We have agreed that for your assistant 30% of the total fund will be for you, 10% for expenses incurred on both sides,while 60% will be for us.If you agreed to assist us,indicate your interest by replying this letter and putting in your,full names,address,your phone and fax number and your private e-mail address for easier communication's.

I await your response to enable us start paper work for this transaction in earnest.

Once I receive your reply, I will send you the Text of Application form for immediate of this claim.
Thanks for your anticipated assistance in advance.
Yours faithfully,

Mr.Harrison Ohale.